Ingredients in Chinese Cooking

See also:

EnglishScientificChinese (Trad/Simp)Mandarin
Pīnyīn
Jyutping
Cantonese
Notes
almondPrunus dulcis杏仁xìng​ rénhang6 jan4Popularly served in sweet soup as a hot dessert.
azuki beanVigna angularis紅豆/红豆hóng dòuhung4 dau2"red bean"
bamboo fungusPhallus indusiatus竹笙zhú​ shēngzuk1 sang1a.k.a. bamboo pith
bamboo shootPhyllostachys edulis, Phyllostachys bambusoides, Dendrocalamus latiflorus, Bambusa oldhamii, Bambusa odashimae竹筍尖/竹笋尖;
筍/笋
zhú sǔn jiān;
sǔn
zuk1 seon2 zim1;
seon2
bitter melonMomordica charantia苦瓜kǔ​ guāfu2 gwaa1"bitter melon"
black eyed peaVigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata黑眼豆hēi yǎn dòuhak1 ngaan5 dau2"bitter melon"
bok choy / Chinese cabbage, chinensis varietyBrassica rapa, subspecies chinensis白菜;
小白菜
bái cài;
xiǎo bái cài
baak6 coi3;
siu2 baak6 coi3
"white vegetable"; "small white vegetable"
broad bean / fava beanVicia faba胡豆;
蠶豆
hú ​dòu;
cán​ dòu
wu4 dau2;
caam4 dau2
broccoliBrassica oleracea var. Italica西蘭花/西兰花xī​ lán huāsai1 laan4 faa1
burdock, greaterArctium lappa牛蒡niú​ bàngngau4 bong2Burdock root is used to make herbal soup in traditional Chinese medicine
cabbageBrassica oleracea var. Capitata椰菜yē​ càije4 coi3
carrotDaucus carota紅蘿蔔/红萝卜hóng luó bohung4 lo4 baak6"red radish"
cauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. Botrytis椰菜花yē​ cài ​huāje4 coi3 faa1
cassia bark / Chinese cinnamonCinnamomum aromaticum肉桂ròu gùijuk6 gwai3
chestnut, ChineseCastanea mollissima栗子lì zileot6 zi2
chilli, dried redCapsicum frutescens辣椒là​ jiāolaat6 ziu1
Chinese broccoli / gai lanBrassica oleracea var. Alboglabra芥蘭/芥兰jiè lángaai3 laan2"mustard orchid"
Chinese cabbage, chinensis variety / bok choyBrassica rapa, subspecies chinensis白菜;
小白菜
bái cài;
xiǎo bái cài
baak6 coi3;
siu2 baak6 coi3
"white vegetable"; "small white vegetable"
Chinese cabbage, pekinensis variety / napa cabbageBrassica rapa, subspecies pekinensis大白菜;
黃芽白
dà bái cài;
huáng yá bái
daai6 baak6 coi3;
wong4 ngaa4 baak6
"large white vegetable";
"yellow sprout white"
Chinese chives / garlic chivesAllium tuberosum韮菜jiǔ càigau2 coi3
Chinese cinnamon / cassia barkCinnamomum aromaticum肉桂ròu gùijuk6 gwai3
Chinese lettuceLactuca sativa var. asparagina油麥菜/油麦菜yóu ​mài ​càiyau4 mak6 coi3
choko / chayoteSechium edule合掌瓜hé ​zhǎng​ guāhap6 zoeng2 gwaa1"join palm melon"
choy sum / flowering Chinese cabbageBrassica rapa, subspecies parachinensis菜心cài xīncoi3 sam1"vegetable heart"
corianderCoriandrum sativum芫荽yán ​suijyun4 seoi1
cornZea mays玉米;
粟米 (Cantonese)
yù​ mǐ;
sù​ mǐ
juk6 mai5;
suk1 mai5
cornflour / corn starch玉米粉;
生粉 (Cantonese)
yù​ mǐ ​fěn;
shēng ​fěn
juk6 mai5 fan2;
sang1 fan2
chrysanthemum flowerChrysanthemum morifolium菊花jú​ huāguk1 faa1Infused in boiling water to make chrysanthemum tea.
cucumberCucumis sativus黃瓜;
青瓜
huáng​ guā;
qīng​ guā
wong4 gwaa1;
ceng1 gwaa1
"yellow melon";
"green melon"
daylily, orange / golden needleHemerocallis fulva金針/金针jīn​ zhēngam1 zam1"gold needle"
egg, century皮蛋pi dànpei4 daan2"leather/skin egg"
egg, chicken雞蛋/鸡蛋jī dàngai1 daan2
egg, duck鴨蛋/鸭蛋yā dànngaap3 daan2
egg, quail鵪鶉蛋/鹌鹑蛋ān chún dànam1 seon4 daan2
egg, salted鹹蛋/咸蛋xián dànhaam4 daan2
egg, tea茶葉蛋/茶叶蛋chá yè dàncaa4 jip6 daan2"tea leaf egg"
fat choy / black moss / hair weedNostoc flagelliforme髮菜/发菜fà càifaat3 coi3"hair vegetable"
fava bean / broad beanVicia faba胡豆;
蠶豆
hú ​dòu;
cán​ dòu
wu4 dau2;
caam4 dau2
five spice powder五香粉wǔ​ xiāng fěnng5 hoeung1 fan2Typical spices are star anise, cassia, cloves, ground fennel seeds, and Sichuan peppercorns. Ginger and cardamom may also be used.
fungus, black / cloud earAuricularia polytricha雲耳/云耳;
毛木耳;
木耳
yún ěr;
máo mù ěr;
mù ěr
wan4 ji5;
mou4 muk6 ji5;
muk6 ji5
"cloud ear";
"hairy wood ear";
"wood ear/tree ear"
fungus, Jew's ear / jelly earAuricularia auricula-judae木耳mù ěrmuk6 ji5wood ear/tree ear
fungus, snowTremella fuciformis銀耳/银耳;
雪耳;
白木耳
yín ěr;
xuě ěr;
bái mù ěr
ngan4 ji5;
syut3 ji5;
baak6 muk6 ji5
"silver ear";
"snow ear";
"white wood ear"
gai choy / mustard greensBrassica juncea芥菜jiè càigaai3 coi3
gai lan / Chinese broccoliBrassica oleracea var. Alboglabra芥蘭/芥兰jiè lángaai3 laan2"mustard orchid"
Garland crysanthemum / tonghoChrysanthemum coronarium var. spatisum茼蒿tóng hāotong4 hou1
garlicAllium sativumsuànsyun3
garlic chives / Chinese chivesAllium tuberosum韮菜jiǔ càigau2 coi3
gingerZingiber officinalejiānggoeng1
ginkgoGinkgo biloba銀杏/银杏;
白果
yín xìng;
bái ​guǒ
ngan4 hang6;
baak6 gwo2
"silver apricot";
"white fruit"
goji berry / wolfberryLycium chinense and Lycium barbarum枸杞gǒu qǐgau2 gei2
golden needle / daylily, orangeHemerocallis fulva金針/金针jīn​ zhēngam1 zam1"gold needle"
green beanPhaseolus vulgaris四季豆sì​ jì​ dòusei3 gwai3 dau2"four season bean"
hair weed / fat choy / black mossNostoc flagelliforme髮菜/发菜fà càifaat3 coi3"hair vegetable"
hairy melonBenincasa hispida var. chiehqua毛瓜;
節瓜/节瓜 (Cantonese)
máo guā;
jié guā
mou4 gwaa1;
zit3 gwaa1
Job's tearsCoix lacryma-jobi薏仁;
薏米
yì​rén;
yì​ mǐ
ji3 jan4;
ji3 mai5
Erroneously called Chinese pearl barley
jujube / red dateZiziphus zizyphus紅棗/红枣hóng ​zǎohung4 zou2
kidney bean, blackPhaseolus vulgaris黑豆hēi ​dòuhak1 dau2
kidney bean, whitePhaseolus vulgaris白菜荳/白菜豆bái ​cài ​dòubaak6 coi3 dau2
kelp海帶/海带hǎi​ dàihoi2 daai3Often cooked with mung beans in a sweet soup
kumara / sweet potatoIpomoea batatas番薯fān ​shǔfaan1 syu5
lettuceLactuca sativa生菜shēng càisaang1 coi3"live vegetable"
longanDimocarpus longan龍眼/龙眼lóng​ yǎnlung4 ngaan5"dragon eye"
lotus rootNelumbo nucifera蓮藕lián ǒulin4 ngau5
lotus seedNelumbo nucifera蓮子/莲子lián zǐlin4 zi2
Malabar spinach / shan choyBasella alba潺菜;
落葵;
木耳菜
chán cài;
luò kuí;
mù​ ěr cài
saan4 coi3;
lok6 kwai4;
muk6 ji5 coi3
millet, foxtailSetaria italica小米xiǎo ​mǐsiu2 mai5"little rice"
mung beanVigna radiata綠豆/绿豆lǜ dòuluk6 dau2"green bean"
mung bean sproutVigna radiata芽菜yá càingaa4 coi3"sprout vegetable"
mustard greens / gai choiBrassica juncea芥菜jiè càigaai3 coi3
napa cabbage / Chinese cabbage, pekinensis varietyBrassica rapa, subspecies pekinensis大白菜;
黃芽白
dà bái cài;
huáng yá bái
daai6 baak6 coi3;
wong4 ngaa4 baak6
"large white vegetable";
"yellow sprout white"
olive, ChineseCanarium album橄欖/橄榄gǎn lǎngaam3 laam5
olive, Chinese, with pickled mustard greens橄欖菜/橄榄菜gǎn lǎn càigaam3 laam5 coi3"olive vegetable"
ong choy / water spinachIpomoea aquatica空心菜;
通菜;
蕹菜
kōng ​xīn​ cài;
tōng​ cài;
wèng​ cài
hung1 sam1 coi3;
tung1 coi3;
ung3 coi3
"hollow vegetable"
a.k.a. water morning glory, water convolvulus
onionAllium cepa var. cepa洋蔥/洋葱yáng cōngjoeng4 cung1
peanutArachis hypogaea花生huā ​shēngfaa1 sang1
pearl barleyHordeum vulgare洋蔥/洋葱yáng cōngjoeng4 cung1
pickled cabbage / red-in-snowBrassica juncea, subspecies multiceps雪里紅/雪里红xuě lǐ hóngsyut3 lei5 hung4"snow village red"
pinto beanPhaseolus vulgaris黑白斑豆hēi​ bái bān dòuhaak1 baak6 baan1 dau2"black white spotted bean"
radish, Chinese whiteRaphanus sativus var. longipinnatus蘿蔔/萝卜;
白蘿蔔/白萝卜
luó bo;
bái luó bo
lo4 baak6;
baak6 lo4 baak6
"white radish"
Used to make turnip cake. Separate cultivar from daikon, may have some green colouration
radish, Chinese greenRaphanus sativus var. longipinnatus青蘿蔔/青萝卜qīng luó bocing1 lo4 baak6"green radish"
Native to northern China, has green flesh
red date / jujubeZiziphus zizyphus紅棗/红枣hóng ​zǎohung4 zou2
red-in-snow / pickled cabbageBrassica juncea, subspecies multiceps雪里紅/雪里红xuě lǐ hóngsyut3 lei5 hung4"snow village red"
rice, whiteOryza sativa大米;
dà​ mǐ;
daai6 mai5;
mai5
Cooked rice is called 飯/饭 (Mandarin: fàn, Cantonese: faan6)
rice, brown糙米cāo ​mǐcou3 mai5"coarse rice"
Unmilled or partly milled rice.
rice, glutinousOryza sativa var. glutinosa糯米nuò​ mǐno6 mai5"sticky rice"
sagoMetroxylon sagu and others西米xī mǐsai1 mai5"western rice"
scallion / spring onionAllium cepa, Allium fistulosum, Allium chinense蔥/葱cōngcung1
seaweed, purple laverPorphyra紫菜zǐ​ càizi2 coi3"purple vegetable"
Foliose red algae
sesame seedSesamum indicum芝麻zhī​ mazi1 maa4Both black and white varieties may be used.
Sichuan pepperZanthoxylum piperitum, Z. simulans, Z. schinifolium花椒huā ​jiāofaa1 ziu1
Sichuan preserved vegetable / zha caiBrassica juncea, subspecies tatsai榨菜zhà càizaa3 coi3
silk melonLuffa acutangula, Luffa cylindrica絲瓜/丝瓜;
勝瓜 (Cantonese)
sī​ guā;
shèng guā
si1 gwaa1;
sing3 gwaa1
"silk/thread melon";
"victory melon"
snake beanVigna unguiculata subspecies sesquipedalis豇荳/豇豆;
荳角/豆角 (Cantonese)
jiāng ​dòu;
dòu ​jiǎo
gong1 dau2;
dau6 gok3
"kidney bean";
"bean corner"
snow peaPisum sativum var. saccharatum荷蘭豆/荷兰豆hé lán dòuho4 laan1 dau2"Holland bean"
soy beanGlycine max黃荳/黄豆;
大荳/大豆
huáng ​dòu;
dà dòu
wong4 dau2;
daai6 dau2
"yellow bean";
"large bean"
soy bean, fermented and saltedGlycine max豆豉;
黑豆豆豉
dòu​ chǐ;
hēi dòu dòu chǐ
dau6 si6;
haak1 dau2 dau6 si6
a.k.a. Chinese black bean, not to be confused with the South American black turtle bean. Used to make black bean sauce.
soy milk豆漿/豆浆;
豆奶
dòu jiāng;
dòu nǎi
dau6 zoeng1;
dau6 naai5
soy sauce醬油/酱油;
豉油
jiàng yóu;
chǐ yóu
zoeng3 jau4;
si6 jau4
spinachSpinacia oleracea菠菜bō càibo1 coi3
spring onion / scallionAllium cepa, Allium fistulosum, Allium chinense蔥/葱cōngcung1
star aniseIllicium verum八角bā​ jiǎobaat3 gok3"eight corners"
sugar, rock冰糖bīng​ tángbing1 tong4"ice sugar"
sugar, white (refined)白糖bái​ tángbaak6 tong4
sweet potato / kumaraIpomoea batatas番薯fān ​shǔfaan1 syu5
sweet osthmanthus flowersOsmanthus fragrans桂花guì​ huāgwai3 faa1Used in teas and soups with dumplings, available dried in Asian stores
taroColocasia esculenta, subspecies antiquorum芋頭/芋头yù touwu6 tau4
tofu豆腐dòu fudau6 fu6"bean curd"
tofu, preserved, white腐乳fǔ rǔfu6 jyu5
tofu, preserved, red紅腐乳/红腐乳;
南乳
hóng fǔ rǔ;
nán rǔ
hung4 fu6 jyu5;
naam4 jyu5
tofu, stinky臭豆腐chòu dòu fucau3 dau6 fu6
tofu skin腐皮fǔ pífu6 pei4
tofu skin, bunched腐竹fǔ zhúfu6 zuk1
tomatoSolanum lycopersicum番茄fān qiéfaan1 ke5
tongho / Garland crysanthemumChrysanthemum coronarium var. spatisum茼蒿tóng hāotong4 hou1
walnutJuglans regia核桃hé ​taohap6 tou4
water chestnutEleocharis dulcis; synonyms E. equisetina, E. indica, E. plantaginea, E. plantaginoides, E. tuberosa, E. tumida荸薺/荸荠;
馬蹄/马蹄
bíqi;
mǎ tí
but6 cai4;
maa5 tai2
"water chestnut";
"horse hoof"
water spinach / ong choyIpomoea aquatica空心菜;
通菜;
蕹菜
kōng ​xīn​ cài;
tōng​ cài;
wèng​ cài
hung1 sam1 coi3;
tung1 coi3;
ung3 coi3
"hollow vegetable"
a.k.a. water morning glory, water convolvulus
watercressNasturtium officinale, Nasturtium microphyllum西洋菜xī ​yáng ​càisai1 joeng4 coi3"western ocean vegetable"
wheatTriticum小麥/小麦xiǎo​ màisiu2 mak6
winter melonBenincasa hispida冬瓜dōng guādung1 gwaa1"winter melon"
a.k.a. white gourd
wolfberry / goji berryLycium chinense and Lycium barbarum枸杞gǒu qǐgau2 gei2
yin choyAmaranthus dubius莧菜/苋菜xiàn​ càijin6 coi3
zha cai / Sichuan preserved vegetableBrassica juncea, subspecies tatsai榨菜zhà càizaa3 coi3
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